Herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory introduction to business. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation applied to the motivational techniques within financial institutions abstract throughout time, many have attempted to develop detailed theories and studies of motivation, satisfaction, and selfawareness. Herzberg two factor theory human resource management. Twofactor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. Pdf two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction. The theory was highly controversial at the time it was published, claims to be the most replicated study in this area, and provided the foundation for numerous other theories and frameworks in human resource development herzberg, 1987. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. It is also known as motivationhygiene theory or motivationmaintenance theory.
If you want people motivated to do a good job, freferick them a good job to do. Herzbergs two factor theory was adopted as the theoretical foundation for this study because the distinction between the hygiene and motivation factors of the theory was suitable in helping to identify factors that motivate the studys participants and for identifying what helped to increase their. This report presents a summary of the herzberg twofactor theory c job satisfaction. In this research there are eight factors under the variable of hygiene factors namely are pay, coworker relations, company policies and practices. At the heart of the twofactor theory is the difference between motivation and hygiene factors, or intrinsic and extrinsic factors. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. Herzberg theory herzbergs two factor theory motivatorhygiene suggested that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction and motivation are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. The presence of motivators causes employees to work harder. Herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction dtic. Several studies showed that one factor can cause job satisfaction for one person and job dissatisfaction for another. One such theory of motivation is herzbergs two factor theory. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. The model is claimed to be applicable regardless of gender, age, occupational level and so on. Herzberg, 1987 in 1959, frederick herzberg found that people had two essential needs in life.
However, it has been criticized regarding its validity in different work settings. Herzberg s theory of motivation tries to get to the root of motivation in the workplace. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation is widely known in management circles. Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. Furthermore, job satisfaction does not necessarily imply a high level of motivation or productivity. From this data, the original hypothesis was restated and became the twofactor theory of job satisfaction herzberg et al.
Herzbergs twofactor theory 3 herzberg published the twofactor theory of work motivation in 1959. When applied to work motivatio n, the theory can be explained as follo w. Companies can employ different tactics and strategies to encourage motivation to. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory herzbergs motivation hygiene theory is often called the two factor theory and focuses on those sources of motivation which are pertinent to the accomplishment of work hall and williams 1986, 6. Another popular content perspective on motivation is the twofactor theory developed by fredrick herzberg. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation simplest explanation ever. To find out the job satisfaction and motivational level of university teachers regarding hygiene and motivator factors of herzbergs two factor theory. Herzbergs twofactor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by. The key factor that differentiates twofactor theory is. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work.
To this day, it is a relevant theory in terms of understanding nonmonetary means of ensuring employee satisfaction and motivation. According to his theory, people are influenced by two factors. Herzberg set out to determine the effect of attitude on motivation, by simply asking people to describe the times when they felt really good, and really bad, about their jobs. Another goal is to see which of the two factors of herzberg theory have more impact in raising the productivity of the employees in the retail industry. Herzbergs work focused on the individual in the workplace, but it has been popular with managers as it also emphasised the importance of management knowledge and expertise. He found that there are certain characteristics that can be aligned with job satisfaction and other characteristics that are consistent with job dissatisfaction. At the end a direct discussion of the two theories and my business will be. Frederick herzberg, professor and chairman, psychology department at chase, western reserve university, pitsburg, usa and author of work and nature of man world publishing co. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. The twofactor theory is an oversimplification of the true relationship between motivation and dissatisfaction. Herzberg proposed the motivationhygiene theory, also known as the two factor theory 1959 of job satisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory, mcclellands need theory, and maslows hierarchy of needs all talk about higherlevel psychological needs such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement.
The majority of the ti workforce were focused on the growth aspect of their work and deemed motivation seekers. Herzbergs twofactor theory divides motivation and job satisfaction into two groups of factors known as the motivation factors and hygiene factors. Evidence from the authors experiments suggests that the theory is untenable as a description of the structure of job attitudes and the determinants of job satisfaction and. Herzberg s motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory. Herzbergs inference regarding differences between satisfiers and motivators cannot be completely accepted.
Another criticism on herzbergs twofactor theory is that it disregards the individual differences. Therefore the problem under study is resurrecting herzbergs two factor theory. In order to activate individuals specific behaviour, sources of stimulus that will encourage the particular individual to behave explicitly must be. Herzberg s twofactor theory 1 herzberg s twofactor theory of job satisfaction. Critics of herzbergs theory argue that the twofactor result is observed because it is natural for people to take credit for satisfaction and to blame dissatisfaction on external factors. To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high. The twofactor theory was tested by many other researchers. On the other hand, motivators are the real factors that motivate employees at work. Unlike maslows theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959. Satisfaction, which is first and foremost the result of the motivator factors. It was developed by psychologist frederick herzberg.
Pdf herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor. This provides univerlistic perspective on work motivation a perspective deem deemphasising individual differences and is derived from maslows work. Unlike maslows theory, herzberg s motivationhygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. Objectives of the study objectives of the study were.
Frederick herzbergs two factor theory explanined peakon. It is the empowerment behind individuals to work hard toward a cause. Limitations of herzberg two factor theory of motivation. The impact of herzbergs two factor theory and efficiency. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
Applying herzbergs two factor theory to employee engagement. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content theory. Early adopter texas instruments ti experimented with herzbergs ideas and found different occupational groups identified more with either motivator or hygiene factors. You can leverage this theory to help you get the best performance from your team. Usa, 1966, in late 1950s undertook intensive study of 200 engineers from 11 different. Herzbergs two factor theory and hypothesis is developed based on those two factors. Each of those theories at some point has been applied and tested as to its effects on. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. Frederick herzberg was a behavioral scientist who explored the factors that make employees feel satisfied or dissatisfied.
Herzbergs twofactor theory definition in the cambridge. Further, herzberg s twofactor theory was noted by many researchers to be the most effective needs satisfaction model used in healthcare organisations timmreck, 2001 cahill, 2011. This evaluation of herzbergs theory of motivation discusses its ambiguities and the influence of the tendency for people to give socially desirable answers. Clinical psychologist and pioneering motivational theorist, frederick herzberg was the first to suggest that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors, as had been.
Herzberg s theory is one of the most significant content theories in job satisfaction dion, 2006. The basic theory of this research is the herzbergs two factor theory, concretely motivational and hygienic factors. Frederick hertzbergs twofactor theory research methodology. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the. Employee needs and motivation boundless management.
The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. Herzbergs twofactor theory american psychologist frederick herzberg is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in management and motivational theory. The two factors identified by herzberg are motivators and hygiene factors. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. The purpose of the study is to develop the herzberg theory and its possible. It is based upon the deceptively simple idea that motivation can be dichotomised.
I shall then attempt to compare and contrast the two theories determining answer whether in general cases the two should or should not be combined and applied together with reasons. His study led to the herzberghygiene theory, which is also known as the herzberg two factor theory. The main purpose of this article is to point out the motivatorhygiene factors that have a. Towards understanding controversy on herzberg theory of. For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of dissatisfaction, but excellent working conditions might not produce correspondingly high rates of satisfaction, whereas other improvements such as. The conclusions he drew from this theory were extraordinarily influential and still form the bedrock of good motivational practices in organisations today. Herzbergs two factor theory of job satisfaction hygiene factors motivators and also of vrooms expectancy theory.
Herzbergs two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction was proposed in 1959 and has been widely tested empirically with mixed results. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation applied to the. The results formed the basis of herzbergs motivationhygiene theory also known as the twofactor theory.