Behavior change a summary of four major theories fhi 360. A behavioral health theory is a combination of knowledge, opinion, and actions taken by an. Sexual behavioural change for hiv who world health. A health belief model approach to addressing obesity as a factor in diabetes. Pdf johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health. Health belief model social cognitive theory stage of change transtheoretical model of behavior change theory the hiv epidemic led to new models, e. Components of the health belief model and hiv testing. Its importance has grown as sanitation has improved and medicine has advanced. Aug 15, 2014 rather, hiv risk and aids care involve complex behaviors influenced from multiple levels, from an individuals knowledge, attitudes, emotions, and risk perception, to power dynamics between partners, accessibility of services, economic inequalities, criminalization of vulnerable groups, and policies that make hiv a priority health issue. Key elements of the health belief model focus on individual beliefs. The health belief model hbm is one of the most widely used conceptual frameworks for understanding health behavior.
Public health service in order to understand the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for the early detection of disease. The health belief model rural health promotion and disease. The health belief model hbm is a behavioral health theory used in professional nursing practice. Interventions focusing on this model may involve risk calculation and prediction, as well as personalized advice. Understanding hiv testing behaviors of minority adolescents. Public health service and remains one of the best known and most widely. The discussion focuses on these findings and on the implications for interventions aimed at promoting safe sex.
The health belief model hbm was developed in the early 1950s by social scientists at the u. Diseases that were once incurable or fatal can now be prevented or successfully treated, and health related behavior has become an important component of public health. It elucidates the relationship between individual health beliefs associated with a disease and the likelihood of engaging in preventive health actions 1. Table 1 behavior change stages and their characteristics precontemplation no recognition of need for or interest in change in the next six months. Health behavior change models for hiv prevention and aids care. More and more, efforts focus on prevention of disease to save healthcare care costs. Health belief model the health belief model, developed in the 1950s, holds that health behaviour is a function of individual s sociodemographic charac teristics, knowledge and attitudes. Public health service in an effort to explain the widespread failure of people to participate in programs to prevent or to detect disease hochbaum, 1958. It is one of the most widely used models for understanding health behaviors. Health behavior change models for hiv prevention and aids. Dec 21, 2009 one theory widely used to guide hiv prevention interventions is the health belief model. Education, health belief model, hivaids, iran, students. Although when the concept of selfefficacy is added to the model, prediction of behavior increases.
Health belief model the health belief model stipulates that a persons healthrelated behavior depends on the persons perception of four critical areas. The health belief model hbm is a health behavior change model that can explain and predict healthrelated behaviors by focusing on the beliefs and attitudes of individuals figure 1. Model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior. The model is based on the theory that a persons willingness to change their health behaviors is primarily due to the following factors. Health belief model perceived susceptibility to the health problem. Only one of these, the aids risk reduction model, has been specifically designed to address behavioural change in relation to hiv 22. The hbm was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists at the u. Application of the health belief model hbm in hiv prevention.
Thea modela emphasizes the role of cognition understanding anda beliefsa valuesa and explains how behavioural determinants influence ways individuals behave in matters affecting theira health. The individual level includes factors comprising the microlevel, such as individual perceptions, beliefs, or. Zotor, application of the health belief model hbm in hiv prevention. The health belief model, the aids risk reduction model, the stages of change, and. According to this model, a person must hold the following beliefs in order to be able to change behaviour. Behavioural interventions to prevent hiv infection. Health belief model result of studies by hochbaum and others in the us public health service were summarized in the health belief model early model described in 1958 rosenbaum published more detailed description in 1966 further elaboration by becker and others in 1970s and 1980s. Implications for womens health andrea riesch toepell 1 brock university the health belief model hbm is a popular behaviour change model among psychology and social scientists. Health belief model hbm, hivaids prevention, sexual behaviours, consistent condom use to cite this article elvis e. Behavior change, in the context of public health, refers to efforts put in place to change peoples personal habits and attitudes, to prevent disease. Sep 01, 2001 there are a number of different models. Predictors of hiv antibody testing among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth.
It was originally developed in the 1950s, and updated in the 1980s. Sep 18, 2017 despite subsaharan africa ssa constituting just 12% of the worlds population, the region has the highest burden of hiv with 70% of hiv infection in general and 80% of new infections among young people occuring in the region. The health belief model proposes that a persons healthrelated behavior depends on the persons perception of four critical areas. As part of a study that explored the factors associated with consistent condom use among senior secondary. Behavior change in public health is also known as social and behavior change communication sbcc. Nov 01, 2019 since then, the hbm has been adapted to explore a variety of long and shortterm health behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors and the transmission of hivaids.
Substance use and risky sexual behaviour among adolescents at a tertiary. Pdf the health belief model, sexual behaviors, and hiv risk. Therefore, a central aspect of the health belief model is that behavior change interventions are more effective if they address an individuals specific perceptions about susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and selfefficacy 5. The health belief model hbm was used in this study since it is a personal and motivational model and can prevent certain behaviors. The health belief model hbm posits that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, selfefficacy, and threat. The health belief model knowledge of std transmission o oral, anal, vaginal sex asymptomatic perception of susceptibility o chance of exposure to std and o chance of infection if exposed perception of severity o consequences and their likelihood o seriousness of consequences refer to glanz et al. The health belief model is a theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion and disease prevention programs. The health belief model hbm is a tool that scientists use to try and predict health behaviors.
Jan 14, 2019 the health belief model hbm is a tool that scientists use to try and predict health behaviors. Beliefs and perception about hivaids, selfefficacy, and hiv sexual. The health belief model and hiv risk behavior change. This figure shows interventions that program planners can use to help individuals change their behaviors to avoid the risk of diabetes. Health related behavior is one of the most important elements in peoples health and wellbeing. The health belief model hbm is a health behavior change model that can explain and predict health related behaviors by focusing on the beliefs and attitudes of individuals figure 1. The effect of educational program based on health belief model. Theoretical approaches to individuallevel change in hiv risk. The health belief model hbm was initially developed in the 1950s by a group of social psychologists in the u. The results suggest selfefficacy is a target for behavioral change, acculturation may need to be incorporated into the hbm, and more culturally sensitive measures. Health behavior change at the individual, household and community levels 224. Bdi logic models can also improve the evaluation of community programs and initiatives. Beliefs and perception about hivaids, selfefficacy, and hiv sexual risk.
Later uses of hbm were for patients responses to symptoms and compliance with medical. Rather, hiv risk and aids care involve complex behaviors influenced from. Developed in the early 1950s, the model has been used with great success for almost half a century to promote greater condom use, seat belt use, medical compliance, and health screening use, to name a few behaviors. However, it is not generally applied in its entirety as only selected constructs are used in research. Hiv risk behavior and the health belief model wiley online library. Pdf the health belief model, sexual behaviors, and hiv. The health belief model hbm is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict healthrelated behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. Hbm is a good model for addressing problem behaviors that evoke health concerns e. Diverse intervention programmes have been implemented among young people but with minimal translation to behavior change. The stages of change model can be used both to help understand why people at high risk for diabetes might not be ready to attempt behavioral change, and to improve the success of health counseling. Rather, hiv risk and aids care involve complex behaviors influenced from multiple levels, from an individuals knowledge, attitudes, emotions, and risk perception, to power dynamics between partners, accessibility of services, economic inequalities, criminalization of vulnerable groups, and policies that make hiv a priority health issue. Americans, in the growing rates of hiv infection and aids underscores the urgency for developing ethnogender specific models for changing behaviors that are.
He has published more than 100 papers and 3 books on the transtheoretical model of behavior change for health promotion and disease prevention. The health belief model and hiv risk behavior change springerlink. Behavior change a summary of four major theories four of the most commonly cited theories in hiv prevention literature are outlined in this booklet. The health belief model is applied in the development of prevention programs to modify health behavior.